While opium dens were commonly featured in Victorian fiction, the most common use of opiates was in the form of pharmaceuticals. The greatest problem with most drugs isn’t their addictiveness or even their potency, but rather their availability and acceptance. When users are confined to opium dens, drug consumption is portrayed as unglamorous and immoral. In Once Upon a Time in America, Robert De Niro portrays a criminal who frequents opium dens for his high. But opium wasn’t just available to the dissolute, and it wasn’t just confined to dens. Opium usage moved into doctors’ examination rooms, dissipating the stigma attached to the drug and opening up its availability to…