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Brotherhood of Inspiration: Unraveling the Pre-Raphaelite Aesthetics
In Victorian England, with the country swept up in the Industrial Revolution, the Pre-Raphaelites, close to William Morris’ Arts and Crafts movement, yearned for a return to bygone values. Wishing to revive the pure and noble forms of the Italian Renaissance, the major painters of the circle favoured realism and biblical themes over the academicism of the time.
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Just One Hit
While opium dens were commonly featured in Victorian fiction, the most common use of opiates was in the form of pharmaceuticals. The greatest problem with most drugs isn’t their addictiveness or even their potency, but rather their availability and acceptance. When users are confined to opium dens, drug consumption is portrayed as unglamorous and immoral. In Once Upon a Time in America, Robert De Niro portrays a criminal who frequents opium dens for his high. But opium wasn’t just available to the dissolute, and it wasn’t just confined to dens. Opium usage moved into doctors’ examination rooms, dissipating the stigma attached to the drug and opening up its availability to…






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