Hokusai - Japan’s most internationally-renowned artists

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The text below is the excerpt of the book Hokusai (ASIN: ‎B00KHLOZ3K), written by Edmond de Goncourt, published by Parkstone International.

Hokusai’s talent travelled across land and sea to Europe long ago. But his work, so original, so diverse, and so prolific, still remains misunderstood. It is true that, even in the artist’s homeland, though he has always been immensely popular, his work has not been received with the same fervour by the academy and by the elite as by the Japanese people. Was he not reproached, in his own time, for only doing ‘vulgar paintings’? Then, however, few artists knew how to delve into the potential of drawing techniques and methods as he did. What artist can vaunt his ability to draw with his fingernails, his feet, or even his left hand (if right-handed) or inverted, with such virtuosity, that it seems to have been drawn in the most conventional way?

Women with a Telescope, late 1790s, Hokusai — *Women with a Telescope*, from the series *The Seven Bad Habits (Furyu nakute nana kuse)*, late 1790s. *Nishiki-e* (polychrome woodblock print), 36.8 × 24.8 cm. Kobe City Museum, Kobe.

Hokusai illustrated more than 120 works, one of which, the Suiko-Gaden, consisted of ninety volumes. He collaborated on about thirty volumes: yellow books and popular books at first, eastern and western promenades, glimpses of famous places, practical manuals for decorators and artisans, a life of Sakyamuni, a conquest of Korea, tales, legends, novels, biographies of heroes and heroines and the thirty-six women poets and one hundred male poets, with songbooks and multiple albums of birds, plants, patrons of new fashion, books on education, morals, anecdotes, and fantastic and natural sketches.

The Seven Gods of Fortune, 1810, Hokusai — *The Seven Gods of Fortune*, 1810. Ink, colour, and gold on silk, 67.5 x 82.5 cm. Museo d’Arte Orientale – Edoardo Chiossone, Genoa.

Hokusai tried everything, and succeeded. He was tireless, multitalented, and brilliant. He accumulated drawings upon drawings, stamps upon stamps, informing himself very specifically about his compatriots, their work, and their interests, and about the people in the streets, those in the fields, and those on the sea. He opened the gates to the walls that hid brilliant courtesans, their silks and embroidery, and the large belt knots spread across their chests and stomachs. He frightened observers with apparitions from his most awful and stirring, fantastic imagination.

To understand the art of a very particular, distant people, it is not sufficient to learn, more or less well, their language; it is necessary to penetrate their soul, their tastes – one must be the obedient student of this soul and these tastes. It is, after all, founded on love, the profound ecstasy that artists feel in expressing their country. They love it passionately, they cherish its beauty, its clarity, and they try to reproduce its life from the heart. A happy affliction, Hokusai was an eminent representative of those who work incessantly.

– Léon Hennique

Clogs (Komageta), Hokusai — *Clogs (Komageta)*, from the series *Horses (Umazukushi)*, 1821. *Nishiki-e* (polychrome woodblock print), 20.7 x 18.4 cm (*shikishiban*). Chiba City Museum of Art, Chiba.

Hokusai’s work was of staggering quantity and diversity, an oeuvre inscribed in the Japanese tradition, of course, but that the master made his own. Japanese painting traditionally takes three major forms: the kakemono or the makimono, the fan and the drawing for woodcuts which look like an engraver’s drawing, done by the master in a size for a woodcut. The drawing itself is always done in Indian ink, the painter only trying colour versions on a few proofs printed in private for himself and his friends. Kakemonos are large-format works, destined to be hung on walls; makimonos are small-format works made to be held in one hand; surimonos, finally, are luxury versions of stamps.

All these works are executed according to a complex printing technique, developed and improved throughout the history of the Japanese print, brilliantly used by ukiyo-e artists, who reach a height of beauty and sophistication. Midway through the 18^th century, techniques allowed the production of these prints in colour.

Hokusai’s oeuvre is composed of writings (texts and poetry) and, above all, pictorial creations in various forms: kakemonos, makimonos, surimonos, and illustrations for books and albums, printed in black or in colour, of which the most famous are erotic books (shunga).